List of Abbreviations / 7Introduction / 9Chapter 1. Deprivation of liberty in the context of criminal justice system / 171.1. General remarks / 171.2. Deprivation of liberty – its nature and aims / 231.3. Classification of prisoners – consequences / 261.4. Basic penitentiary paradox / 291.5. Prison of the 21st century / 31Chapter 2. Contemporary penitentiary standards and policy – normative aspect / 372.1. Treaty standards / 382.1.1. General treaties / 382.1.2. Special treaty regulations / 432.2. Recommended standards / 452.2.1. Universal level / 452.2.2. Regional level / 492.3. Domestic impact of international standards – Polish example / 53Chapter 3. Prison population – human dimension of personal interrelations / 573.1. The prisoners / 573.2. The prison staff / 663.3. Interpersonal confrontations and their consequences / 713.3.1. Horizontal personal interrelations / 723.3.2. Vertical personal interrelations / 763.4. Examples of extreme personal interrelations (prison scandals ina nutshell) / 78Chapter 4. Social rehabilitation of prisoners – between idea and reality / 834.1. An idea of “normalization”/ 834.2. A concept of the “implied limitations”/ 904.3. Main instruments of social rehabilitation / 924.3.1. Contacts with the outside world – possibilities / 924.3.2. Special offers inside the prisons / 954.3.2.1. Work / 954.3.2.2. Education / 984.3.2.2.1. Spiritual assistance / 994.3.2.2.2. Leisure time / 1014.3.2.3. Treatment programs / 1024.4. Preparation for release / 104Chapter 5. Prison life and human dignity – situations of special risk / 1075.1. Brief introductory remarks / 1075.2. Problem of discrimination / 1085.3. Prison order and coercion measures / 1105.3.1. An authorized coercion actions in prison / 1125.4. Health care “in” and “out” of prison / 1185.5. Disciplinary procedure and sanctions / 122Chapter 6. Control, inspections and basic procedural guaranties for prisoners / 1276.1. Domestic level / 1296.2. International level / 1326.2.1. Complaint/petition procedures / 1326.2.1.1. Council of Europe / 1326.2.1.2. European Union / 1346.2.1.3. United Nations Organization / 1356.2.2. Additional monitoring procedures / 137Final remarks / 139Bibiography (Basic Literature) / 147Appendices / 155